In the most recent part of the Know Your Fibres series, we will look at two of the most popular fibres used in various industries, such as Polyester and cotton. Most people know it's a natural fibre, while Polyester is a synthetic fibre. These distinctions are only the beginning; we'll have an in-depth look at the distinctive qualities of these fibres and how they are processed.
Cotton Processing
Grown from annual plants, the cotton fibres consist of cellulose in its pure form. They contain a hollow hole in their middle, known as the lumen. It runs along the long length of the fibre. The lumen shrinks if the boll is opened and the fibre is dried in the sun. This can cause the fibre to twist and create convolutions. The cotton fibres contain waxes to keep them safe from the elements. As a result, it is naturally water-resistant (water-repellent) fibre.
It is interesting to note that cotton is recognized by its absorption; however, the fibre is hydrophobic until it is subjected to a purification process that removes its natural waxes and oils. After the removal of the oil and waxes, cotton fibres can absorb.
Cotton Properties
It is breathable and comfortable. Soft and natural. It's hypoallergenic. These properties make cotton the fibre of choice for nonwoven products for hygiene, such as feminine pads for adult incontinence.
However, cotton comes with a more extensive array of characteristics suitable for a wide range of nonwoven purposes. In the world of fibres, cotton's strength is considered moderate to superior. The strength (tenacity) of the cotton fibre is 3.0-5.0 grams/denier at dry. It is distinctive because its strength increases with moisture and can reach 3.3-6.0 grams/denier. It has a natural moisture recovery of 8.5 per cent under normal temperatures and conditions. Also, it has a heterogeneous length distribution.
In the end, cotton retains its importance and appeal in an era of environmental issues since it's biodegradable and sustainable.
What is Polyester made of? Difference between cotton and Polyester
Fibre polyester (polyethene Terephthalate) results from the chemical reaction of air, petroleum, and water. The synthetic fibre comprises purified terephthalic acids (PTA) and monoterpene glycol (MEG).
Polyester is thermoplastic, which means it can be heated and then reformed. In making Polyester, scientists melt pellets and push them through tiny openings (spinnerets). At the exit of the spinnerets, the continuous filaments that we call polyester fibres begin to solidify. The hole's dimensions and design determine the fibres' size and shape. Fibres made of polymer are solid with no gaps in the fibres.
The continuous filaments - referred to as "tow"--can be cut at the length of your choice (there isn't any length distribution; all fibres are designed to be completely homogeneous) to make staple fibres that can be used in nonwovens and textiles, or kept as a monofilament continuous similar to fishing line.
Polyester Properties
The fabric is hydrophobic. Because of this, polyester fabrics do not absorb sweat or other fluids, leaving wearers with a clammy, wet feeling. Polyester fabrics typically contain a lower level of wicking. Compared with cotton, its fibres are stronger and have a higher capacity to stretch. Fibre strength can vary from 2.5 grams/denier to 9.5 grams/denier.
The environmentally-conscious buyers aren't happy with the use of Polyester. Since it's a manufactured fibre made from petroleum-based materials, Polyester is not thought to be sustainable, nor is it biodegradable.
Cotton is a better choice than Polyester
The two fabrics are more different. It is naturally breathable, natural and absorbent. It's also environmentally sustainable. Polyester, however, is a synthetic fiber that isn't breathable. It repels water and isn't sustainable.
However, please keep your eyes open, for Polyester and cotton are woven together to produce fabrics that display qualities that can't be obtained with either fibre. If taken as a whole, each fibre has its pros and cons. The more you are aware, the better choices you can make when choosing a fibre that meets your requirements.
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