Oncology tests are crucial for early cancer detection and management, enabling timely intervention and improving patient outcomes. Several types of oncology tests are available for cancer screening, each designed to detect specific types of cancer or identify biomarkers associated with the disease. Here’s an overview of some commonly used oncology tests:
**1. Imaging Tests:
- Mammography: Utilized primarily for breast cancer screening, this X-ray imaging technique helps detect abnormalities in breast tissue.
- CT Scans (Computed Tomography): Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the body to identify tumors and assess their size and location.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues, often used for brain, spinal cord, and breast cancer detection.
- PET Scans (Positron Emission Tomography): Helps detect cancerous cells by highlighting areas of high metabolic activity in the body.
**2. Blood Tests:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): Measures various blood components and can reveal abnormalities that may indicate leukemia or other blood cancers.
- Tumor Markers: Specific proteins or substances found in the blood, such as PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) for prostate cancer or CA-125 for ovarian cancer, can be elevated in the presence of certain cancers.
**3. Biopsy:
- Needle Biopsy: Involves taking a small tissue sample using a needle to examine for cancer cells.
- Endoscopic Biopsy: Utilizes an endoscope to view and collect tissue samples from areas like the digestive tract or respiratory system.
**4. Genetic Testing:
- BRCA1 and BRCA2 Testing: Identifies genetic mutations that increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers.
**5. Molecular Testing:
- Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): Analyzes genetic mutations in cancer cells to guide treatment decisions.
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