A Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) is a blood test that measures essential substances in your body to assess metabolic health and organ function. It is commonly used in routine health checkups to detect a wide range of conditions, from kidney function issues to electrolyte imbalances. The components of a BMP test include:
- Glucose: This measures the sugar level in your blood. High glucose levels can indicate diabetes or insulin resistance, while low levels may signal hypoglycemia.
- Calcium: This vital mineral is crucial for bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling. Abnormal calcium levels may point to issues with the kidneys or parathyroid gland.
- Sodium: Sodium helps regulate water balance in the body. Both high and low sodium levels can cause severe health complications such as dehydration or excessive fluid retention.
- Potassium: Potassium is essential for muscle function, heart health, and nerve signals. Imbalances in potassium levels can lead to heart arrhythmias or muscle weakness.
- Chloride: This electrolyte works with sodium to maintain fluid balance. Abnormal chloride levels can indicate dehydration or other metabolic disorders.
- Bicarbonate (CO2): This helps maintain the pH balance in your blood. Abnormal levels may indicate respiratory or kidney problems.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): BUN measures kidney function by assessing how well they filter waste from the blood. High levels may indicate kidney dysfunction.
- Creatinine: This is another marker of kidney health, as creatinine is a waste product filtered by the kidneys. Elevated creatinine levels may point to impaired kidney function.
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