What is an asthma action plan?

An asthma action plan is a written, individualized plan developed by a healthcare provider for a person with asthma. The plan outlines how to manage asthma on a daily basis and how to handle worsening symptoms or asthma attacks. It serves as a comprehensive guide for patients, their families, and caregivers to help control asthma and respond to symptoms effectively. An asthma action plan typically includes the following components:

1. Daily Management

• Medication Schedule: Detailed instructions on what medications to take daily, including controller medications (such as inhaled corticosteroids) and their dosages.
• Peak Flow Meter Readings: If applicable, guidance on how to use a peak flow meter to monitor lung function and what readings indicate good control.
• Avoiding Triggers: Information on known asthma triggers (such as allergens, smoke, exercise, cold air) and strategies to avoid them.

2. Recognizing and Handling Symptoms

• Green Zone: Indicates good asthma control. This section includes the person's best peak flow readings and outlines the daily routine when symptoms are well-controlled.
• Yellow Zone: Indicates caution. This section describes symptoms that suggest asthma is worsening (e.g., increased coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath) and provides instructions for using rescue medications or other interventions to prevent an asthma attack.
• Red Zone: Indicates a medical alert. This section details symptoms of a severe asthma attack (e.g., difficulty breathing, trouble speaking, or very low peak flow readings) and provides clear steps to take, including taking quick-relief medication and seeking emergency medical help.

3. Emergency Contacts and Information

• Healthcare Provider Contact Information: Phone numbers for the primary care physician, asthma specialist, and the nearest emergency department.
• Emergency Instructions: Clear steps to follow if symptoms do not improve with initial treatment, including when and how to seek emergency medical care.

4. Personal Information

• Patient's Name and Contact Information: For easy identification and communication.
• Emergency Contact Information: Names and phone numbers of family members or friends who should be contacted in an emergency.

Benefits of an Asthma Action Plan

• Improved Asthma Control: Helps patients understand and manage their condition effectively.
• Early Detection: Encourages monitoring of symptoms and peak flow readings to detect worsening asthma early.
• Clear Instructions: Provides step-by-step guidance for managing daily care and responding to asthma attacks.
• Empowerment: Empowers patients and caregivers with knowledge and tools to take control of asthma.

An asthma action plan should be reviewed and updated regularly with the healthcare provider to ensure it remains relevant and effective.