Thyroid cancer - Diagnosis and treatment

Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck. It is relatively uncommon compared to other cancers but is often treatable if diagnosed early Cancer Doctor in Jaipur.. Here’s an overview of diagnosis and treatment options for thyroid cancer:

Diagnosis

1. Physical Examination and History: A doctor may perform a thorough examination of the neck to check for any abnormalities in the thyroid gland.
2. Imaging Tests:

• Ultrasound: This is typically the first imaging test used to evaluate thyroid nodules. It can help determine the size, location, and characteristics of nodules.
• Radioiodine scan (I-131 scan): This test involves administering a small amount of radioactive iodine, which is taken up by thyroid cells. It helps determine if the thyroid Cancer Doctor in Jagatpura. nodule or thyroid tissue is functioning normally or if it is overactive or underactive.
• CT scan or MRI: These imaging tests may be used to evaluate the extent of thyroid cancer and to check if it has spread to other parts of the body.

1. Biopsy:

• Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): This procedure involves using a thin needle to remove a small sample of cells from the thyroid nodule or suspicious area. The cells are then examined under a microscope to determine if they are cancerous.

Treatment

The treatment of thyroid cancer depends on several factors including the type of thyroid cancer, its stage, and the patient's overall health . Treatment options may include:

1. Surgery:

• Thyroidectomy: This involves surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland. The extent of surgery depends on the size and location of the cancer.
• Lymph node dissection: If the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, these nodes may also be removed during surgery.

1. Radioactive Iodine Therapy:

• After surgery, radioactive iodine (radioiodine) may be given orally to destroy any remaining thyroid tissue and cancer cells that were not removed during surgery. This is particularly effective for certain types of thyroid cancer that absorb iodine.

1. Thyroid Hormone Therapy:

• Patients may need to take synthetic thyroid hormone medication (levothyroxine) for the rest of their lives to replace the hormones no longer produced by the thyroid gland after surgery.

1. External Beam Radiation Therapy:

• This treatment uses high-energy beams to target and destroy cancer cells. It is typically used if thyroid cancer recurs after surgery or if it cannot be treated with surgery.

1. Targeted Therapy and Chemotherapy:

• These treatments are less commonly used for thyroid cancer but may be considered in advanced cases or when other treatments have not been effective.

Prognosis

The prognosis for thyroid cancer is generally good, especially if it is diagnosed and treated early. The type and stage of thyroid cancer, as well as the patient's age and overall health, can affect prognosis. Regular follow-up care with doctors specializing in thyroid cancer is important to monitor for any recurrence or complications Cancer Doctor in Sanganer.

In summary, early diagnosis through imaging tests and biopsy, followed by appropriate treatment such as surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, and thyroid hormone replacement, are crucial for managing thyroid cancer effectively.

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