Sleepiness caused by narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, or obstructive sleep apnea can be treated with the central nervous system stimulant medicine modafinil, also known by its brand name Modalert 200. The data on the usefulness of modafinil for this usage is not definitive, despite its off-label use as a putative cognitive enhancer to promote alertness in animal and human trials. Studies in healthy, non-sleep-deprived adults at levels not generating hyperarousal have demonstrated, however, that modafinil can increase alertness, vigilance, and executive function.
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