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Various techniques can be employed to distinguish and characterize circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from normal hematological cellular components. Various strategies have included separation by physical characteristics, such as weight or size, or by biological properties, such as cancer-specific markers or expression of epithelial.
An increase in liquid biopsies for early detection is estimated to drive market growth. Liquid biopsies which detect cancer by examining CTCs and other components in a patient's blood, have appeared as a transformative movement in the oncology diagnostics space. Additionally, according to a research report by Astute Analytica, the global Circulating Tumor Cells Market is likely to surge at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.06% over the projection period from 2023 to 2031.
Let's explore the functioning of the circulating tumor cells that detect the cancer:
Characterization of Functionalized CTC in ex vivo Culture: The primary reason for the extreme difficulty in cultivating CTCs ex vivo is their scarcity in the bloodstream. CTCs are challenging to culture because of their delicate nature and the lack of knowledge on the ideal conditions for CTC culture. Furthermore, the majority of existing methods identify CTCs following fixation stages, which is incompatible with further culturing.
There have been a few published research on CTC culture despite these difficulties. It's interesting to note that even though a large number of CTCs originate from epithelial cells, they usually grow in suspension rather than sticking to the dish's bottom.
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Tumor cell circulation from biotech creation to therapeutic applicability:
The process of phenotypic characterization of CTCs is crucial in converting them from a prognostic to a predictive value. The HER2 status of CTCs in HER2-negative initial breast cancer at diagnosis and during treatment.
Furthermore, a higher percentage of HER2-positive CTCs under surveillance has been documented, even if CTC counts have declined over time. For HER2-negative primary breast cancer, the clinical significance of HER2-positive CTCs is unclear. They could indicate tumor heterogeneity or perhaps a more dangerous clone that was overlooked during the pathological evaluation.
The CTCs' biology is:
CTC molecular characterization: That tumor cells can proliferate even in the nascent stages of tumor evolution has been validated by experimental data. Contributing to early detection and metastasis prevention, the molecular characterization of CTCs will advance our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms driving metastatic processes.
Study of CTCs' genomes: Tumor progression and the creation of resistant tumor subclones are facilitated by genomic instability. The assessment of therapy precision and response medicine benefit considerably from tracking tumor genetic instability, particularly concerning metastases and tumor resistance. CTCs can be evaluated via non-invasive liquid biopsy by serial sampling to identify the tumor's genetic instability.
CTC transcriptome analysis: Recent years have seen a significant development in single-cell sequencing, which has been used to study the transcriptomes of CTCs. In lung adenocarcinoma, CTCs can be distinguished from blood cells and mesothelial cells using single-cell expression patterns; EpCAM is a typical marker for CTCs.
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