Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, that are invisible to the naked eye but have a significant impact on human health, environment, and industry. Microbiologists use various techniques and tools to isolate, identify, and manipulate these microorganisms for various purposes, such as diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, production of antibiotics and vaccines, bioremediation, and biotechnology.
One of the most essential tools used by microbiologists is the hot air oven, which is a type of laboratory equipment that uses dry heat to sterilize or dry various samples and objects. It is commonly used in the microbiology industry to kill microorganisms and bacterial spores that may contaminate the samples or the equipment.
A hot air oven works on the principle of the dry air sterilization process through convection, conduction, and radiation. The heating elements heat the air inside the chamber, which may be circulated evenly within it with the help of fans such that the sample surfaces are exposed to hot and dry air. This exposure causes the heating of the external surface of items, and by the conduction process, the heat is transferred toward the center of the item.
Likewise, in microorganisms, heat causes water inside them to evaporate, causing oxidative damage of cellular constituents, denaturation of proteins, and toxic effect of elevated levels of electrolytes and, ultimately, the death of the microorganisms. A hot air oven uses is generally for samples that are heat resistant and do not melt, change the form or catch fire on exposure to high temperatures.
It generally kills microorganisms and bacterial spores at extremely high temperatures over several hours and sterilizes items. Effective sterilization can only be achieved when the appropriate temperature and holding time are selected depending on the type of microorganism being targeted and the type of material being sterilized. The most commonly used temperature and time to sterilize items are 170 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, 160 degrees for 60 minutes, and 150 degrees for 150 minutes.
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