• Primary Gas Used: Hydrogen is the most commonly used gas in the production of ammonia.

• Source of Hydrogen: Hydrogen is typically produced from natural gas (methane) through a process called steam methane reforming (SMR).

• Ammonia Production Process: The production of ammonia primarily involves the Haber-Bosch process, which combines hydrogen and nitrogen gases under high pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst.

• Nitrogen Source: Nitrogen, the other essential gas in ammonia production, is extracted from the air using methods such as cryogenic distillation or pressure swing adsorption.

• Reaction Conditions: The Haber-Bosch process operates at pressures ranging from 150 to 250 atmospheres and temperatures between 400°C to 500°C.

• Catalysts: Iron catalysts, often with promoters like potassium and aluminum oxides, are used to enhance the reaction efficiency between hydrogen and nitrogen.

• Feedstock Efficiency: Natural gas is favored due to its high hydrogen content and relatively lower cost compared to other hydrogen sources.

• Energy Consumption: Ammonia production is energy-intensive, with the steam methane reforming step being the most significant energy consumer.

• Environmental Considerations: The production of hydrogen from natural gas generates carbon dioxide as a byproduct, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.

• Ammonia Uses: Ammonia produced through this process is primarily used as a fertilizer in agriculture, but it also serves as a precursor for various chemicals and industrial applications.