Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a natural component of Earth's atmosphere and is produced through various natural processes as well as human activities. While Carbon dioxide is essential for plant photosynthesis and plays a role in Earth's climate regulation, excessive exposure to elevated levels of CO2 can have several effects on human health. Here's how CO2 can affect humans:

• Respiratory Effects: Breathing in high concentrations of CO2 can lead to respiratory discomfort, shortness of breath, and increased respiratory rate.

• Headaches and Dizziness: Prolonged exposure to elevated CO2 levels indoors, especially in poorly ventilated spaces, can cause headaches, dizziness, and feelings of drowsiness.

• Increased Heart Rate: CO2 can stimulate the respiratory center in the brain, leading to an increased heart rate and a feeling of palpitations or rapid heartbeat.

• Fatigue and Cognitive Impairment: Chronic exposure to elevated CO2 levels can contribute to fatigue, lethargy, and reduced cognitive performance.

• Irritation and Discomfort: Higher concentrations of CO2 can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat. Individuals may experience dryness, itching, or a sensation of irritation in these areas, especially in poorly ventilated or confined spaces.

• Increased Risk for Vulnerable Populations: Certain groups, such as individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), children.

• Indoor Air Quality Concerns: CO2 levels are often used as an indicator of indoor air quality. High CO2 concentrations indoors can be indicative of inadequate ventilation, which can lead to a buildup of other indoor pollutants and allergens, contributing to respiratory issues and discomfort.