Garlic is one of the most widely used ingredients in a lot of kitchens across the globe. Famous for its pungent flavor and health benefits, garlic has been in use for more than thousands of years. Still, have you ever thought how garlic is grown and harvested? In this post, one can explore the various farming processes involved in cultivating garlic and some interesting facts about this amazing plant.
What is Garlic?
This scientific name is Allium sativum. Garlic comes in the onion family. It grows for its bulb, and that is the part which we consume. One can consume garlic in a fresh condition, dry state, or powdered state. Anyone who is planning to start their garlic farm, can read its farming processes below.
Select the Best Garlic
Before planting garlic, the right type needs to be chosen. There are two major varieties of garlic: hardneck and softneck. Hardneck garlic has a stiff central stalk and is prized for its strong flavor. It typically grows better in colder climates. Softneck garlic has a softer stem and is easier to braid. It tends to store well and is more common in supermarkets.
Preparing the Soil
Land preparation normally follows the identification of the correct garlic variety. Soil should have organic matter and drain well for garlic to be best produced. Farmers often use a mini tractor for land preparation. They can attach a rotavator to this tractor and till the soil, break it up, and remove weeds and rocks. Thus, it will make the land easier for the planting of the cloves.
Farmers usually test the soil to determine its pH and nutrient content. Garlic does very well in a pH of between 6.0 and 7.0. If the soil pH is too acidic, farmers will apply lime to increase the pH.
After the test, it tills the soil breaking the lumps. Apart from this, this activity will eradicate weeds and stones. Many farmers add compost or well-rotted manure for adding good quality to the soil. Proper soil preparation will help in healthy garlic growth.
Plant Garlic
Garlic is typically planted in the fall. This is usually done when the ground is expected to freeze within 4 to 6 weeks. The farmer separates the garlic bulb into individual cloves. A clove will grow into a new garlic bulb. The cloves are planted about 2 inches deep and 6 to 8 inches apart in rows. This allows each plant to have enough space to grow.
After planting, farmers cover the area with mulch, such as straw or leaves. Mulching helps keep the soil moist, suppresses weeds, and protects the cloves from extreme cold.
Caring for Garlic Plants
Once planted, the garlic needs care during the entire growing season. This requires keeping the soil moist during dry spells. The water can be delivered right to the roots by means of drip irrigation systems rather than overhead watering, which is more efficient.
Weeds are a big problem for garlic, and the farmer must often inspect their fields to eliminate any weed that is visible. People typically weed either by hand or using specialized tools. Weed-free space ensures that nutrients are reached by the garlic plant.
As the garlic continues to grow, farmers can add fertilizers for additional nutrients. Organic favorites include bone meal or fish emulsion, which feed to help develop strong and healthy bulbs.
Harvesting Garlic
Garlic plants mature during mid to late summer. The leaves dry yellowish, signaling it's time to harvest. They dig up the bulbs being very careful so they won't damage them and, in most cases, a fork or shovel.
After harvesting, the garlic bulbs are cleaned of dirt. It is common for farmers to leave the roots and outer layers of the bulb when storing. Garlic is mostly cured to yield retention of flavors and taste. Curing hangs garlic bulbs in a cool, dry space for weeks.
Post-Harvesting
Once cured, the garlic is ready for storage and distribution. One can use a Swaraj 717 tractor to transport the harvested garlic. This tractor can easily lift 780 kg weight so you will face no problem while transporting the garlic from farm to market. Proper handling after harvesting is crucial to maintain the quality and flavor of the garlic.
Storing Garlic
Once cured, garlic should be kept in a cool and dark place. It's better if it can be kept in a mesh bag or basket to allow airflow. Under these conditions, it can last for months.
Health Benefits of Garlic
Garlic is good for health. It provides many health benefits. In addition to its flavor, garlic contains compounds that could help fight infections and reduce inflammation. Some studies claim that garlic can lower cholesterol levels and improve heart health.
The Final Words:
Garlic is more than just a tasty ingredient; it is a plant with a rich history and many benefits. From selecting the right garlic variety to harvesting and storing, the farming process of garlic is fascinating. Whether you enjoy it in a pasta dish, on toast, or as a health supplement, garlic is sure to add flavor and goodness to your meals. So, next time you use this in your cooking, remember the journey it took from the farm to your table.
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