The relationship between the parties involved in a construction project can be complex, and it is important to understand the roles and responsibilities of each party. Generally, the Designer, Contractor, and Owner are the primary parties involved in the construction process. The Designer is responsible for designing the work, preparing detailed drawings, coordinating and supervising the work at the site. During the design phase, the Designer serves as an objective professional, endeavoring to carry out the Owner's wishes. In the construction phase, the Designer acts in a dual capacity, serving as the Owner's professional advisor and agent, and an impartial interpreter of the Contract Documents upon written request of the Owner or Contractor.
It is important to note that the Interior Designer signs a Contract with the Owner, the Owner-Interior Designer Agreement. The Contractor signs a Contract with the Owner, the Owner-Contractor Agreement. There is no contractual obligation between the Designer and Contractor. However, the Designer is responsible for administering the Contract between the Owner and Contractor as a result of their contractual agreement with the Owner.
The Designer's responsibilities include interpreting and enforcing the provisions of the Contract Documents upon the written request of either the Owner or Contractor. They are responsible for determining if the Contractor's work is in accordance with the Contract Documents and rejecting defective work. However, the Designer's authority does not extend to directing construction techniques, the time in which the work is done, safety procedures, or sequences of construction. They are not responsible for construction means, methods, techniques, or safety precautions for the project. Nor are they responsible for the acts or omissions of the Contractor. The Contractor is responsible for construction means, methods, and techniques unless the Contract Documents give other instructions concerning these matters.
In addition to their responsibilities as outlined in the Owner-Interior Designer Agreement, the Designer is also the Owner's professional adviser throughout the project. The Owner furnishes the relevant information concerning program requirements and the site, pays for the cost of professional services, and pays for the cost of the work associated with the development of the project.
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Changes In The Work
The construction process involves several parties, including the Designer, Contractor, and Owner. The Designer is responsible for designing the work, preparing detailed drawings, and supervising the work at the site. The Contractor executes the project in accordance with the drawings, and the Owner provides relevant information about the program requirements and site. Throughout the project, the Interior Designer serves as the Owner's professional adviser, helping to carry out the Owner's wishes during the design phase and administering the Contract between the Owner and Contractor during the construction phase.
It is important to note that the Interior Designer signs a Contract with the Owner, outlining their duties, including the administration of the Contract between the Owner and Contractor. The Designer has the responsibility to interpret and enforce the provisions of the Contract Documents and determine if the Contractor's work is in accordance with the Contract Documents. However, the Designer is not responsible for directing construction techniques, safety procedures, or sequences of construction.
Change orders may occur during the project, which are written instructions to the Contractor authorizing a change in the scope of the work, Contract sum or Contract time. These orders are based upon agreement among the Owner, Interior Designer, and Contractor. The Designer must obtain prior permission from the Client before issuing Construction Change authorization to the Contractor and must not make changes without consulting the Client.
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Fire safety
Fire safety is a critical concern in interior design, and designers must take appropriate measures to prevent fires. Overloading electrical wiring and lavish furnishings are common causes of fires. Lack of maintenance of electrical wiring, blocked fire exits, and defunct fire extinguishers also contribute to unsafe building interiors. Interior Designers should educate their clients on the necessity of automatic fire detection alarm systems.
During a fire, heat produces expansion and contraction of the affected material, leading to serious damage to the structure. Therefore, Interior Designers must pay close attention to door frames and shutters to ensure they meet fire safety standards. Fire-resistant doors must automatically close by floor spring or overhead door closer, and door frames should be secured to the wall by holdfast and not by screws, which can give way during a fire. A fire escape staircase door should not have any locking device from inside or outside to enable easy escape during a fire.
False ceilings
False ceilings are a common feature in buildings and can be made from a variety of materials. However, wood framing and wood panelling should be avoided as they can pose a fire hazard. Instead, aluminium sections are preferred, particularly in public buildings.
AC ducts
To prevent the spread of fire in AC ducts, fire dampers should be installed. These prevent the spread of fire by closing off the ducts.
Water sprinkler systems
Water sprinkler systems are another effective way to control fires. Pipes connected to water mains in the ceiling are provided with melting bulbs at the junctions. If a fire breaks out, the bulbs will melt, and the automatic sprinkler system will activate to control the fire.
Automatic smoke detectors
Automatic smoke detectors are essential in detecting fires. As soon as the temperature rises, the detector will sound an alarm. In some buildings, detectors are set up to notify the fire department automatically.
Fire Alarm System
A fire alarm system is a common method of alerting people in the event of a fire. The alarm is usually set up to sound on a specific floor or throughout the entire building.
Emergency lighting
Emergency lighting is another important safety feature in the event of a fire. It is connected to a separate generator and smoke detection system, ensuring that it will still work even if the power goes out.
Fire Detection System
A fire detection system is a network of thermostats or other approved sensors that can detect the presence of fire and automatically signal an alarm.
Smoke Detector
Smoke detectors are electronic fire alarms that are activated by the presence of smoke.
Fire Extinguisher
Fire extinguishers are portable devices used to put out small fires by ejecting pressurized water or special chemicals. They are classified based on the type of fire they can extinguish.
Sprinkler System
Sprinkler systems are apparatuses that can automatically extinguish fires in a building. They consist of a network of pipes installed in or below the ceiling, connected to a suitable water supply, and supplied with valves or sprinkler heads that open automatically at a certain temperature.
Wet-Pipe System
Wet-pipe systems are sprinkler systems containing water at sufficient pressure to provide an immediate, continuous discharge through sprinkler heads that open automatically in the event of fire.
Wet-Pipe System
Dry-pipe systems are sprinkler systems containing pressurized air that is released when a sprinkler head opens in the event of fire, allowing water to flow through the piping and out the opened nozzle.
Firepump
Fire pumps provide the required water pressure in a standing pipe or sprinkler system when pressure in the system drops below a pre-selected value.
Hydrant
Finally, hydrants are upright pipes with one or more nozzles or spouts for drawing water from a main, especially for fighting fires.
It is important to consider all these fire safety features when designing building interiors to ensure the safety of occupants in the event of a fire.
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Class 'A' Fire
A Class 'A' fire involves ordinary combustible materials such as wood, paper, and cloth. In these fires, the cooling effect of water is crucial for extinguishing the flames.
Class 'B' Fire
A Class 'B' fire involves flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, and grease. These fires require the exclusion of air and inhibition of the release of combustible vapors to be extinguished.
Class 'C' Fire
A Class 'C' fire involves live electrical equipment, which requires a non-conducting extinguishing medium to be used.
Class 'D' Fire
A Class 'D' fire involves certain combustible metals such as magnesium or sodium. To extinguish these fires, a non-reactive, heat-absorbing extinguishing medium is required.
Fire Separation
Fire separation refers to any floor, wall, or roof-ceiling construction that has the required fire-resistance rating to confine the spread of fire.
Fire Wall
A fire wall is a wall that has the fire resistance rating to prevent the spread of fire from one part of a building to another. It extends from the foundation to a parapet above the roof and has all openings restricted to a certain percentage of the wall length. The wall is also protected by a self-closing or automatic-closing fire assembly.
Fire Door
A fire door assembly includes all required hardware, anchorage, frames, and sills, and has the required fire-resistance rating for its location and use.
Fire Damper
A fire damper automatically closes an air duct in the event of a fire to restrict the passage of fire and smoke. It is required where a duct penetrates a fire wall, fire-rated shaft, or other fire separation.
Conclusion:-
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