What laboratory tests are conducted for liver cancer?

When it comes to diagnosing liver cancer, several laboratory tests play a critical role in providing accurate information. The most common tests include:

1. Liver Function Tests (LFTs): These blood tests measure various enzymes, proteins, and substances in the blood produced by the liver. Elevated levels of certain enzymes may indicate liver damage or disease, prompting further investigation for liver cancer.
2. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Test: AFP is a protein that is typically produced by the liver and yolk sac of a developing fetus. In adults, elevated levels can be an indicator of liver cancer, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The AFP test is often used in conjunction with imaging studies to assess liver health.
3. Imaging Tests: While not laboratory tests in the strictest sense, imaging studies such as ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRIs are crucial. These tests help visualize the liver and detect abnormal masses or tumors.
4. Biopsy: In some cases, a tissue sample from the liver may be taken to confirm the presence of cancer cells. This is usually done through a needle biopsy, guided by imaging.
5. Genetic and Molecular Testing: Emerging fields in liver cancer diagnosis include genetic testing for mutations that can inform treatment decisions and prognosis.

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