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The purpose of cell culture is to understand the behavior of original organisms by cultivating cells in a controlled environment away from them. The microarchitecture particular to tissues and organs can be mimicked by cells growing and interacting with their environment in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture.
Increasing demand in regenerative medicine is estimated to drive the market growth. This demand stems from an increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and a geriatric population, necessitating cutting-edge treatment modalities. Additionally, according to a research report by Astute Analytica, the global Scaffold Technology Market is likely to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.29% over the projection period from 2024 to 2032.
Let’s know the functions of scaffold technology in cell culture:
Scaffold-based 3D culture: A scaffold's function in 3D cell culture is to assist the components. Scaffolds ease the flow of waste, nutrients, and oxygen because of their porosity. Cells might therefore multiply and migrate inside it to ultimately adhere to the scaffold web. A structure like the original one is finally formed by the interactions between maturing cells.
Furthermore, scale (micro, nano), and functions of the scaffold should all be in line with the tissue of interest. It should be biocompatible and able to promote biological growth. It's crucial to remember that cell extraction grows more difficult as the scaffold gets larger and more intricate.
Synthetic scaffolds
Hard polymers are examples of synthetic polymers, which are distinct from natural polymers. In clinical practice, synthetic polymers are a practical option because of their great biocompatibility and low inflammatory response.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyamide, and polylactic acid (PLA) are examples of synthetic polymers used to create synthetic hydrogels. Compared to natural hydrogels, they offer improved dimensional stability, repeatability, and customizability. However, synthetic polymers exhibit minimal cell affinity due to their hydrophobicity and absence of cell recognition sites.
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Scaffold-free 3D culture
3D cell culture methods without scaffolds, including hanging drop, forced-floating, and agitation-based procedures. Spheroids, which are heterogeneous-sized spheres, can be created with it.
A droplet-shaped spheroidal can be created by aggregating a suspension of cells aliquot within micro trays using the hanging drop technique. It is feasible to regulate the spheroid size by adjusting the density of the cell suspension or the drop volume.
Three-dimensional cell interactions
Cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions, which affect cell structure and cell regulatory pathways, are characteristics of 3D-cultured cells.
Cell junctions serve as direct, protein-based intercellular channels that link one cell to its neighbors or the matrix, depending on which direction the channel is directed. Streamflow is how soluble substances produced, like growth factors or cytokines, are transferred to nearby cells and the extracellular matrix.
Cell-matrix interaction is important because the scaffold influences gene expression and plays a supporting function in tissue formation, which allows the developing cells to acquire certain features. The biochemical makeup of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is comprised of many signaling biomolecules that regulate multiple adhesion-related cell processes, including proliferation, adhesion, and cell cycle.
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