This article details the principles and practices of PCB EMC design, covering key techniques for single/double and multi-layer boards, including layout, grounding, decoupling, and impedance matching, providing comprehensive design guidance.
In today’s highly electronic world, the number of electronic devices around us is growing exponentially. While these devices bring convenience, they also present a serious challenge: electromagnetic interference (EMI). Have you ever wondered why electronic devices must be turned off during airplane takeoff, or why mobile phone use is prohibited in certain hospital areas? The regulations behind these scenarios are closely related to a key technology: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC).
In practical engineering, over 70% of EMC issues can be traced back to the design stage of the printed circuit board (PCB). As the carrier for interconnecting electronic components, the layout, routing, and stack-up design of a PCB directly determine the final product’s EMC performance. This article will systematically explain the key EMC techniques in single/double-layer and multi-layer PCB design, starting from fundamental principles, providing engineers with a complete design guidance framework.
1.Definition of EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is a critical performance metric that measures an electronic device’s ability to operate without faults in a shared electromagnetic environment (immunity) and not to become a source of electromagnetic interference for other devices (emission control). It is an essential requirement for modern electronic devices.
Its core encompasses two capabilities:
First, the device can operate stably in its intended electromagnetic environment without performance degradation or malfunction due to external interference (immunity).
Second, the device itself does not generate unacceptable electromagnetic interference for other systems (emission reduction).
These two aspects together form the foundation for the harmonious coexistence of electronic devices and the electromagnetic environment.
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